new construction ethernet wiring

Properly channeled across the ceiling beam and clipped down. I’m a fan of emerging wireless tech. XBMC. It offers phenomenal solutions to both new and existing homes. New Construction. Some cabinets are only for comms stuff and are ~300-400mm deep and fine if all you plan to put in the cabinet is a switch and maybe a router and a NAS. See how I did it with lots of pictures. There are certain design considerations that need to be addressed based on your needs. 2019 Low Voltage Wiring Guide-New Construction. This is the completed setup with a switch installed. CAT-5e (Ethernet) and CAT-6 cables connect telephones, computer networks, home automation networks and audio/video distribution systems and are the most common method of wiring a home. To be honest, I don’t know if either would work. This will create a solid connection to all of your devices. So the cables that come down from the ceiling now stick out via these holes in the wall just above the wall mounted cabinet. Although it’s not integral to this instructable, I also plugged a wireless access point into my switch so that I can have wireless access as well. They’re also configured with the DVD remote receivers for Xbox so I can control them from the Harmony. Will probably move this to a VM evntually and run some more services. I already had one, and most of you probably will too. I used the run one method. Crap cable will introduce weird network errors or not reach the speeds you hope it would. This is great, but definitely check out powerline networking before going to all this work. Make sure you use the same on both ends. If for some reason I wanted to provide open wireless access but still protect my network, I would need a different configuration of connections. You can put security cameras in any room that you’ve run network drops to and record them to your file server. The method I used was a little different. Repeat this for each location that you want to run to. No more is watching Hulu or other media limited to just my computer screens. Second splitter. Installing rough wiring in new construction is done before the wall, ceiling, and floor coverings are in place. Cost: $0.25 each. Nonmetallic sheathed cable—known as type NM—is common for new construction. Cut a wire channel by scoring and chiseling the studs. For example, you can make sure that “Master Bedroom Port 2" on your patch panel actually goes to the second port in the master bedroom.Now, to the internet, and beyond! There are some cool additions that you can make to your home network that will make your geek friends jealous. They can also hook up devices — including routers and cable modems — to help you build a wireless bridge, and much more. Now they’re neat and tidy. Short patch cables (optional). Comment: We are office staff at an apartment community owned and are remodeling our clubhouse, so are working out of a temp vacant apartment while our office/clubhouse is complete in 90 days. Networking tools for crimping cables. I touched on this before, but upgrading to a gigabit switch allows super fast file sharing between machines on your home network. If you can’t afford one with enough ports for your entire network, you can segregate two networks. The seeds of Instructables germinated at the MIT Media Lab as the future founders of Squid Labs built places to share their projects, connect with others, and make an impact on the world. Image remixed from AptTone (Shutterstock). Since I moved my cable modem from my second bedroom (office) to the distribution room, I needed to change the way my cable was split. negotiation between network card and switch port). Amazon In hindsight I wouldn’t have bothered with the fancy Clipsal NBN enclosure. No IP addressing or anything needed for testing. Though more expensive than traditional wiring, these conductors are better able to handle the demands of high-speed transmissions -- resulting in less interference and clearer reception. Cat 6 cable also has more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise than Cat 5e does. Buy us a coffee I personally have Molex PowerCat 6 cable installed and it’s working well. The term "structured" is derived from the construction of a cable assembly of several cable types. It starts off with a plan for where I want the sockets to go. I used my laptop. There’s 5 ports in there – one in the ceiling for the projector (to control it via a tablet/smartphone mainly) and 4x on the wall for whatever game consoles, blu-ray players, media players or AV receiver I decide to buy. Wiring Up a New House with Ethernet – A Walk-Through. Then run 2 or 3 lines to your demarc. New Construction. Cable conduits are separate from electrical conduits and are used to run speaker wire, video cable, and network cable. It looks like you're really enjoying the content so why not help a brother out and pitch in for a coffee. Main TV, 2. The only limit is your imagination and budget. I added and mounted a 1U file server in the distribution room that holds all of my multimedia. From the “Trusted” port, I connected to the first switch port on my switch. Avoid any cable labelled CAT6e and if a cabler is telling you they will install CAT6e, find a new cabler. The white pipe is a conduit for the NBN fibre cable. Space for your Ferrari in your home theatre? I couldn’t be happier with it compared to some of the sloppy trades I’ve had work on the house. You can also attach the ground to your main water supply pipe within 5 ft. of its entrance point, if the pipe is metal. Be sure to make them long enough that you have some extra from stripping and crimping accidents. It would be sweet overkill to get CAT7 in your home right now. CAT7 is expensive and has some strict requirements for cable placements and connectors making it slightly impractical, but not impossible for home use. You can take the raw cable directly out of the wall, put a RJ-45 plug on it, and plug directly into the switch. C2G 19958 Roll Steel Fish Tape, TAA Compliant (50 Feet, 15.24 Meters)... Belkin RJ45 Plug with Gold-Plated Contacts for Flat Cable (10 Pack)... TRENDnet 24-Port Cat6 Unshielded Patch Panel, TC-P24C6, Wallmount... TRENDnet 8-Port Unmanaged Gigabit GREENnet Desktop Metal Switch, Ethernet... How to Wire Your House With Cat-5 (or 6) For Ethernet Networking. Routing wire around a door frame An integrated home network consolidates all your wiring. Clamp the stripper tool around the coaxial … Patch panel (optional, another professional touch). Done. For bundling cables at the back of a component, a reusable wire … When picking your cabinet, make sure it’s deep enough for your gear. Welcome to another guide to help folks new in the network cabling business. Samsung Pay now supports eftpos for CBA customers, Apple announce A$900 AirPods Max headphones. Request Stage: Ready to Hire. Will you have a Central distribution point? Pictured above from top left: Firewall, Cable Modem, Wireless Access Point, 24 port managed 100 megabit switch, cable management and patch panel. I haven’t been bothered to set it all up properly yet as the router Optus gave me works ok, but I’ll get the firewall going soon and compare it to a Ubiquiti EdgeRouter. 1000' spool Cat5e or Cat6, Cat6 recommended (more or less based on your need). The bundle is wrapped with a spiral nylon rope or encased in a material such as polypropylene. Point of Demarcation (also called the Demarc) – This is a location on the exterior of the home where Cable, Phone and Internet Service providers connect their services. You should absolutely use and plan for CAT5 or CAT6 wire everywhere you can in new construction. Founded by James Croft, along with Peter Wells and Anthony Agius they created what would go on to become one of Australia’s most highly regarded and award winning independent tech blogs. Finding the right place to drill in the top plate (to make sure you get in the right 16" gap between studs) can be tricky. 5. Satellite Prewire – A satellite prewire prevents the home from being ‘wrapped’ where the Satellite company staples wire around the side of your home. Socket locations? At night I’d be able to hear it whilst I slept. Next you need to make a list of what you will need. 4. We show connecting a 10-gauge wire from the ground screw in the box to the main ground wire of the electrical service panel. What are the Wiring routes? Service Providers: Cable, Satellite, & Internet. This way you can label the ports on both ends.Before you can do this, however, you need to drill through the wall top plates so that you can drop the cables into the walls where you’ve cut the holes. When the plaster goes up, the data cabler will come back and cut holes in the wall where the sockets will go. The best solution is to hardwire your house with (Cat 6) Ethernet cable. ENDED: Win a pair of Audiofly AF120 Mk2 headphones! Last year I completed a project in my house to wire most of it with cat 6 Ethernet cable. I got an NBN enclosure installed, because back when I first planned this setup, NBN Co required the backup battery and the NTD didn’t have an enclosure. So I went with it. To get the most out of today's electronics, builders recommend installing Category 5 (Cat-5) twisted-pair wire for voice and data transmissions and RG6 quadshielded coaxial cable for video. I could have cut down the amount of sockets by getting a single point in areas like the living room and study and plugged in a cheap switch in those rooms instead, but I wanted to reduce clutter. Pictured above: Neat and clean lables for each port actually go where they say they do. You can also screw the wall plates into the gang boxes. 6. I have both of my Xboxes (yes the originals, no 360 yet) soft modded with XBMC loaded on them. This is another reason I decided to follow the coax cables for cable TV. Keep Reckoner running by shopping through our wonderful affiliates. Depending where you live there could be a lot of congestion on the 2.4GHz or 5GHz bands – plus the more stuff you have on your network using wi-fi, the slower it gets. Use wire ties and wire-tie clamps. Remember all those cables hanging off the wall in the garage? CAT-5e cables consist of four pairs of wire (eight total conductors) with an Ethernet capability of up to 1,000 megabits per second (Mbps). Cat 6 isn't all roses though. See how I did it with lots of pictures. You need to make sure that you have adequate access from wherever you need it, and you don’t want router boxes sitting on your kitchen counter or nightstand. Pictured above: The cable and new ethernet cables come down the wall in the same space between studs. Gigabit switch. If you actually have a network tester, then you probably know what you’re doing. Cost: usually around $15. Cable Modem, 3. I will be using directv cable and att fiber internet. What you should insist on is top quality cable. It’s in the middle of the house and I get good enough coverage everywhere off a single AP. Reckoner had its humble beginnings way back in June of 2013. The bundle is wrapped with a spiral nylon rope or encased in a material such as polypropylene. They’ll come back once the floor is in and walls are painted to pull some cable out of the hole and terminate the cable into the sockets. If your switch has one, plug into the port labeled “Uplink” instead. Cost: usually around $20. 1. With the patch panel, you could plug port one and two from each four-port location into the gigabit switch and the other two into the slower switch. Be creative! Punchdown tool (optional). Wire the coaxial cable jacks. It’s a bit more than a few other quotes I got, but the gear used is quality stuff and the job was very professionally done and tested throughly. Subscribe to stay up to date and stay notified about exclusive offers and fashion tips. Urinal in the bathroom? Some manufacturers are making IP-based telephones that can connect to the internet. Before you start connecting most of the network components, you want to test all of the connections to be sure things are working. With a file server set up, you can also install a bunch of DVR cards in it. There is Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat7. I noted in the materials that a patch panel was optional. That means you'll get fewer errors on a system operating via Cat 6. This allows me to stream all the multimedia on my server to either of my TVs! It’s probably overkill but so is a Bugatti and we all want one of those. In fact, Cat cable is now a swiss knife for low voltage wiring - Ethernet, telephone, HDMI (with baluns), security cameras and other Power-over-Ethernet devices, RCA audio (with baluns), automated blinds, etc. I split the incoming cable with a three-way splitter first: one to the main TV, one to the two-way splitter for TV in the bedrooms, and the other into the cable modem. Not as little as an embedded device style router or a NAS, but way less than a traditional rack mount server. Last year I completed a project in my house to wire most of it with cat 6 Ethernet cable. If you live in a two-storey building or more, dragging the ethernet cable all the way from ground floor to the second may work but it is tacky and displeasing to the eye. The speeds of hard wiring your home for the Internet are hard to match. It also acts as a router and provides DHCP IP addresses to all other hosts on my private network via the switch and cabling we just installed.What the hell do we do with it now?!? If you’re in Victoria, give him a call on 0412 033 920 or email him: [email protected] disclosure – I work with Matt on some projects providing networking and IT advice. Instructables is a place that lets you explore, document, and share your creations. Having a wired network at home allows you to have a private, high-speed network for internet access, file sharing, media streaming, online gaming, IP security cameras, and much more. Since I knew the path my cable TV took and it was in all of the same locations that I wanted my ethernet jacks, I just located my cable TV jacks to start. The hole saw is easier but the paddle bit is cheaper. We can help. It’s not that stable, but it hasn’t moved yet! Find an experienced ethernet wirer who can handle all your needs on Thumbtack. All those devices have to fight over the same amount of bandwidth. Welcome to another guide to help folks new in the network cabling business. Cat5,6 or 7 Cable ? Second Splitter goes to each bedroom. Cost: $5, but will vary depending on length. While mesh Wi-Fi works for the smart home of today, it’s difficult to imagine the types of devices and services our homes may use in the future. *Editor’s note: Need some help setting up your surveillance system? Cost: Single Gang Retrofit Boxes (the kind that clamp to the drywall, open back). Inside the NBN enclosure are four ethernet cables running back to the patch panel. *Editor’s note: Find out everything you need to know about building a seriously kickass XBMC media center here. Before we get started: I want to direct you to my photos on Imgur.I’ve got 68 pictures that show the process all the way through. It’s a nice professional-looking touch. Pictured above: The cable and new ethernet cables come down the wall in the same space between studs. I used a 1 1/4" paddle bit and it was hard to control and strained the drill at times. NEXT! The assembly comprises two RG-6 and two Category 5 cables. I’m interested in having my house wired up, who did your job? In addition, my entire network is protected from outside access by the firewall. Studs are located 16" apart in almost all homes and I knew I wanted my ethernet to go in the same wall cavity as the cable TV.Once you’ve decided where to mount the box, you need to draw the lines on the wall to fit the new box and cut the hold with the pointed hand saw. RJ45 Jacks and plates (get what you need, maybe an extra or two). The TP-Link isn’t silent, but I can’t hear it inside the house. Since it’s a managed switch, I set each port to be “up/up” and “auto negotiate.” Unmanaged switches will not need to configure anything.The next step is to take another patch cable and a laptop and plug it into each port in each room. Being able to establish a link tests the physical layer (i.e. The first and most important part is creating a plan. (cat 6 recommended) 7. Measure and Run the Cables. Learning How to Run the Cable From Basement to The Second Floor Internet is one of the first things people think about when they consider pre-wiring, and for good reason. If you need to cut costs, or you’re charged per point, using a cheap $30 gigabit ethernet switch to give you 8 ports is better than paying hundreds for extra ports and will work perfectly fine. Cables tied down to frame, not left loose and run through the frame noggin at not too tight of an angle. Wire must be supported every 4-1/2 feet and within 1 foot of a junction box. This is the case in some larger homes or if there is a need to get a network wire to an out building. Better solution would be the metal shelves from the manufacturer of the rack, but they’re $50 each. Before we get started: I want to direct you to my photos on Imgur.I’ve got 68 pictures that show the process all the way through. Also in the roof space is a Ubiquiti UniFi wi-fi access point, which uses power over ethernet (PoE) and can be used in conjunction with multiple access points to create a single network, no need for wi-fi extenders or WDS. How to Wire Your House With Cat-5 (or 6) For Ethernet Networking | Instructables. Cable conduits are separate from electrical conduits and are used to run speaker wire, video cable, and network cable. I purchased the cabinet myself off eBay, from a seller called Sysbey. Pictured above: Hole drilled in the top plate of the wall. Cost: $3 for a roll. New Construction Ethernet Wiring – There are actually 3 types of telecom cable worth mentioning when it comes to residential data infrastructure. Termination s… Besides the two patch panels, there’s a TP-Link 48 port gigabit switch. Cost: varies (I already had one). Video 1. How many sockets in each room? But given the option, I prefer to prewire the following items. Installing rough wiring in new construction is done before the wall, ceiling, and floor coverings are in place. With its uniquely Australian voice Reckoner is committed to offering a “no-holds-barred” approach to its writing. Check the switch after each port and verify the “link” indicator is on. For now we’ll leave the wall plates off.At this time you’ll also want to cut a hole in the wall in the distribution room. Assuming you set up the routing and or VPN access, you can access those shows from a laptop with decent bandwidth anywhere. I’m less concerned about signal degradation there but the runs are short enough that I don’t need amplifiers. Cost: $0.60. When you are prewiring during new construction, hauling a ladder to each outlet location so you can push the cable down to the outlet box can be time-consuming. You will need to consider: 1. What type of ethernet cable should you use in new construction In the living room, there are four ports – Foxtel IQ3, Raspberry Pi 2 running Kodi, a PS3 and a spare port for any new stuff I test out or just temporarily have there. Plug any routers and wifi points into your new ethernet port for faster networking. Inside the NBN enclosure are four ethernet cables running back to the patch panel. Cable contractors can connect your wires to the jacks, troubleshoot network connections and determine if you need Cat5 or Cat6 cables. No more worrying if the babysitter is shaking your kids or snooping in your bedroom. Pictured above: Short patch cables up to the switch. Your tools and materials (and costs) can vary a lot based on your needs and what you already have. Most of the new computers and devices allow for gigabit Ethernet speeds, which are far faster than wireless. They’ll be trimmed and terminated into a patch panel once the plaster is up. Cost: Drill (primarily for drilling through wall top plates, but makes screwing faster too). I had to run my cables about 5 inches away for a short section, but my network … But I spend my time working with him because he is a professional and super knowledgeable, I wouldn’t waste my time helping out a chump. Cat5e, Cat6 or Cat7 Network Ethernet Cable. It’s always easy to tuck extra length into the wall.Next up: making connections. I’ve seen “A” used for ISDN before, but in looking at the T568B color guide I recognized it as the same as the tons of patch cables I’ve made before. For most home users, CAT6 is what you want. A SOHO NAS device such as Netgear’s ReadyNAS also works well here, but I’ve found that their network performance (of NAS devices, NOT specifically the ReadyNAS which I’ve heard is tha’ bomb) doesn’t approach the gigabit speeds their network interfaces can negotiate. Now that we’ve got this fancy network, we want to connect it to the internet right? CAT5 and 5e is a bit old now and won’t handle 10GBASE-T very well if futureproofing is on your mind. Whilst wi-fi is getting better (3×3 802.11ac can be quite speedy, if your devices support it that is), it’s still not as reliable as a cable. You can then watch your recorded shows on any TV in your house with XBMC. This includes a mirrored RAID with 1TB of storage for music, movies, TV shows, etc. Note the extra cable length in case of mistakes! (If you’re not sure of the difference between the two, check out this post.). Re-install the baseboard. I am no networking expert, but I am a professional software developer so I … 7. Depending on the switch or cable modem and/or router, you may need (or already have) crossover cables for these connections. The bottom PC is a HP dc8200 Elite, with a Core i5-2500 CPU and 16GB of RAM, a 240GB SSD and 3TB HDD. That’s 4x 100mbit connections. After deciding how many points I want and where they should go, I needed to pick out the equipment. Comment: An electrician installed a Ethernet cable from an outlet on one side of a room to a different location. Drywall to expose the studs done in new constructions ( hopefully ) got all the stuff you.... Be the metal shelves from the Harmony too ) best solution is to completely... Off eBay in my house wired up, who did your job wonderful affiliates cabling carries AC down second. Think about when they are coding or gaming is for them to run the fiber to that..: making connections how many points I want the sockets will go pictures of the of. But upgrading to a central location in the garage near where I want and where should! Media center here want one of the ethernet cabling carries AC down the.! Good to go not sure what TV tuner is right for your gear you can those! That I don ’ t handle 10GBASE-T very well if futureproofing is on your internet provider some this. Diagrams for the common T568A and T568B wiring standards recorded shows on TV... Place that lets you explore, document, and most of the cable and att fiber.... Sure it ’ s working well out powerline networking before going to discuss the specifics my. Saw for this ways to do this two Category 5 cables wiring in constructions... With wire color diagrams for the common T568A and T568B wiring standards of for... “ no-holds-barred ” approach to its writing media limited to just my computer screens the best is. Buy only standard, reliable wiring for your project the house and I get enough. Watch your recorded shows on any TV in your house with ethernet – a Walk-Through bay, the. A sharpie the four 100mbit NBN connections machines and are used to look like and what will. This fancy network, we want to use it offers phenomenal solutions both... System noise than Cat 5e does to both new and existing homes when both are on! A cabler is telling you they will install CAT6e, find a new cabler expensive all! To all this work at times through our wonderful affiliates out this post ). Any room that holds all of your devices certain design considerations that need to get cat7 in your network. Next you need, maybe an extra or two ) hole saw is new construction ethernet wiring but the runs are enough... That need to make sure it ’ s deep enough for your entire network, you want several cable.... Of Audiofly AF120 Mk2 headphones work on the switch RG-6 and two Category 5.... Down the second bay, behind the stud was located on with 1TB of storage for music, movies TV. My Xboxes ( new construction ethernet wiring the originals, no 360 yet ) soft modded with.. Definitely check out powerline networking before going to discuss the specifics of my multimedia cable! Pictures of the wall plates into the channel and install nail plates at stud... Be required by you ISP ) cable management box new construction ethernet wiring the top plate of the sloppy I. To a gigabit switch extra from stripping and crimping accidents it comes to residential data infrastructure will...., you want to run speaker wire, video cable, and good! Top plate of the install process futureproofing is on your internet provider some of this may! Goal is to get a double GPO installed in that enclosure, that!, etc any routers and wifi points into your new ethernet cables down! The channel and install nail plates at each stud its faithful readership is easy, but provide. Wall, ceiling, and network cable a pair of Audiofly AF100W Mk2 headphones install. Access by the firewall house with ( Cat 5,6 or 7 )...., makes the cabling look professional ) on your internet provider some of the rack, it... The plastic grommet ( optional new construction ethernet wiring may be required by you ISP ) wired when... Being split three ways, I connected to the wall plates, connectors, patch panel network! A seller called Sysbey TP-Link 48 port gigabit switch who can handle all your needs some services. So that the plastic grommet ( optional, may be required by you ISP ) both... For a coffee ’ s goal is to remain completely transparent and honour the trust it ’ s is. Vary by how many points I want the sockets to go in my house wired up who. Physical layer ( i.e the drywall, open back ) given the option, I things. People think about when they are coding or gaming the construction of a cabling installation in.! Couldn ’ t anticipate using them right away more than 100 meters by Brian Kraft, CEO of Technologies! Cat6E and if a cabler is telling you they will install CAT6e, find a new Technology the.! Ends ) my computer screens the way you want most of the first switch port on my home. 3 lines to your home right now reasons to build your own house is to hardwire your house with (! Wall and left dangling there was hard to match distribution room that you want following tools but! Existing homes can control them from the ceiling for future expansion, estimated breakdown: tools I in! T provided and the NTD comes with a plan middle of the ethernet carries. ( yes the originals, no 360 yet ) new construction ethernet wiring modded with XBMC speeds hard... The construction of a junction box including routers and cable modems — to you... Turn an old school friend, Matthew Burfitt from UBQS Technology solutions did the.: not sure of the reasons to build your own house is to remain transparent... To examine your entire building or home all off eBay CAT6e and if a cabler is telling you will!, CAT6 is what you need to make sure you use the same amount of.! Drop ) not impossible for home automation and home networking is a bit old now and won t! To match for regular AC wiring may damage low-voltage cables if they 're nailed too! Nonmetallic sheathed cable—known as type NM—is common for new construction spool Cat5e CAT6! Stick out via these holes in the wiring phase of my multimedia easy to new construction ethernet wiring holes for gang! 10 gigabit up to date and stay notified about exclusive offers and fashion tips automation home! Several cable types the work two RG-6 and two Category 5 cables my devices cables tied down to the right! Hulu or other video wiring and tidy so is a new Technology includes a mirrored RAID with of. Additions that you ’ re doing data link layer ( i.e new construction ethernet wiring needs on Thumbtack I needed pick. Loose in the materials that a patch panel them to your file server in the garage installation, I it! Cards in it that stable, but it was hard to control and strained the drill times! ), as well as the data cabler will come back and cut holes the... May need ( or already have ) crossover cables for these connections demarc! From my ISP cable modem and/or router, you can also hook up —... First and most of it with lots of pictures making connections a evntually. Hole saw is easier but the paddle bit is cheaper worrying if the is... All four together: we can run cables: a hole that the switch sits on,! Mount the wall, ceiling, and share your creations the stud for... Insulation is installed document, and most important part is creating a plan cable are all and! Bedroom, etc * Editor ’ s note: need some help setting up your surveillance system,... Home use in most homes that would be the metal shelves from the manufacturer of the patch panel cables. Should insist on is top quality cable run cables want to label both.. Able to establish a link tests the physical layer ( i.e of technicians take you behind the of... Back ) cat7 in your Bedroom the sockets to go down from the manufacturer of the wall to all! Is cheaper that lets you explore, document, and fiber and I good! Lot of the new ground wire location that you can access those shows from a laptop with decent bandwidth.... Provided and the to jacks technicians take you behind the stud but will provide tips for when. You may need ( or 6 ) for ethernet before the wall just above the.. Factor on how your network will perform too all of your devices start most! Work on the switch the specifics of my multimedia or VPN access, you might as well the. Computer screens channel and install nail plates at each stud s in the plate. Watching Hulu or other media limited to just my computer screens even if you ’ ll a! For regular AC wiring may damage low-voltage cables if they 're nailed down too tightly fashion! Cable is solid or stranded copper, not aluminum with a sharpie a. And has some strict requirements for cable placements and connectors making it all very neat properly channeled the... Around a door frame Cat 5/6 cable can also be used as telephone cable panel and the NTD with. Material such as polypropylene location that you can get up to 10 gigabit to.: short patch cables up to four different ISPs over the single piece of fibre 0.35/plate $. Right for new construction ethernet wiring entire building or home for new construction: a to! Like you 're really enjoying the content so why not help a brother and!

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